Prospective Integration of Geothermal Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

Firstly, the various geothermal-CCS concepts identified through an extensive literature review are introduced. These concepts are classified into three main categories: i) use of supercritical CO2 as a heat vector for geothermal energy production and CCS; ii) water-driven geothermal concepts with CO2 injection/reinjection, generally dissolved in the geothermal brine; iii) other geothermal-CCS synergetic applications.  Secondly, an analysis grid and screening methodology are applied in order to provide a framework for comparing the potential and performance of the identified concepts. Seven Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are considered addressing several aspects including replicability, scalability, environmental risks, and technical complexity.  To pave the way for the future assessment of potential application areas for combined geothermal-CCS projects, examples of available data on geothermal resources, CO2 storage potential, and location of industrial CO2 sources are considered. When sufficiently accurate, these data can be combined to produce maps of the most favourable locations. Some examples are given of the types of maps that could be produced.  In all, more than 15 geothermal-CCS concepts are identified and classified in order to clarify an until-now complex landscape. The detailed results are available in the report that includes a comparative spreadsheet and a set of infographics per concept.